دور لجان تقصي الحقائق في الإجراءات الجنائية الدولية
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61279/7pdnkb37الكلمات المفتاحية:
لجان تقصي الحقائق، المحكمة الجنائية الدولية، التحقيق، تقصي الحقائق، الأدلة الجنائية.الالكترونيةالملخص
تلعب لجان تقصي الحقائق دورًا محوريًا في الإجراءات الجنائية الدولية من خلال إرساء الأساس الواقعي اللازم للفصل القانوني وتحقيق المساءلة. وتتمثل أهدافها الرئيسة في وضع أسس للتسوية السلمية للنزاعات بين الدول، والإشراف على تنفيذ الاتفاقيات الدولية، وتوفير المعلومات الجوهرية لصنع القرار الدولي. تعتمد مصداقية هذه اللجان وفعاليتها على وضوح ولاياتها، وحيادية تحقيقاتها، ودقة منهجياتها.
ومن خلال تقديم تقييم مستقل وموضوعي للوقائع، تسهم لجان تقصي الحقائق في إنفاذ المعايير الدولية وتعزيز العدالة. كما أن نتائج تحقيقاتها قد تؤدي إلى ملاحقة الأفراد المسؤولين عن الانتهاكات الجسيمة للقانون الدولي الجنائي، مما يعزز مبدأي المساءلة والردع.
وتبرز أهمية هذه اللجان في ظل تعقّد النزاعات الدولية وتزايد الانتهاكات التي تتطلب آليات محايدة وفعّالة لإثباتها والتحقق منها. وتوفر تقاريرها الموثقة قاعدة معرفية يمكن للهيئات القضائية والدول الاعتماد عليها في اتخاذ قرارات مبنية على وقائع ثابتة بعيدًا عن التأثيرات السياسية. كما تساهم توصياتها في تعزيز الشفافية الدولية ودعم الجهود الوقائية الرامية إلى منع تكرار الانتهاكات، فضلًا عن تعزيز الثقة في المنظومة القانونية الدولية
التنزيلات
المراجع
أولاً: الكتب:
Agnieszka Jachec-Neale, Max Planck Encyclopedias of International Law [MPIL], Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law [MPEPIL], 2021.
Cathrine Harwood, the Roles and the functions of Atrocity-Related UN Commission Inquiry, Leiden Studies on the Frontiers of International Law, 2020
Fannie Lafontaine and François Larocque, Peace and Justice: Human Rights Fact-Finding in Raging Conflicts from PART II - OF PEACE AND JUSTICE, 2019.
Michelle T. Grando (2009) – Evidence, Proof, and Fact-Finding in WTO Dispute Settlement.
Nancy A. Combs, Fact-Finding without Facts: The Uncertain Evidentiary Foundations of International Criminal Convictions, Cambridge University Press, 1st edition, 2010.
UN Commission of Inquiry on Darfur (2005) – Report of the ICID, Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1564 of 18 September 2004, 2005.
Philip Alston, The Transformation of Human Rights Fact-Finding, Oxford University Press.
(Agnieszka Jachec-Neale), Fact-Finding , Max Planck Encyclopedias of International Law [MPIL], 2020.
Graeger, Nina. (2016). European security as practice: EU–NATO communities of practice in the making?. European Security.
joris Larik, Understanding the EU-led ‘pandemic’ of constitutional foreign policy objectives, Foreign Policy Objectives in European Constitutional Law (Oxford University Press2016).
ثانياً: البحوث:
Makane Moïse Mbengue, International Courts and Tribunals as Fact-Finders: The Case of Scientific Fact-Finding in International Adjudication, 34 Loy. L.A. Int’l & Comp. L. Rev. 53 (2011).
hiri Krebs, Designing International Fact-Finding: Facts, Alternative Facts, and National Identities, 41 Fordham Int’l L.J. 337 (2018).
Hanne-Margaret Birckenbach The Role of Fact-Finding in Preventive Diplomacy, International Journal of Peace Studies (Vol. 2, No. 2, Special Issue: Peace Building in Fractionated Societies: Conceptual Approaches and Cultural Specificities (July 1997).
Mark Klamberg (2011) – Fact-Finding in International Criminal Procedure, SSRN. Obiora C. Okafor, the International Human Rights fact-Finding Praxis in its Living forms: A TWAIL Prospective, Transnational Human Rights Review, 1. (2014) .
ثالثاً: القرارات
CDF Transcript, Sept. 27, 2006,at22; AFRC Transcript, Mar. 8, 2005,at17–18;AFRCTran script, July 5, 2005, at64; AFRC Transcript, July 7, 2005, at 28; AFRC Transcript, July 13, 2005, at48.
Prosecution v. Sesay et al., Case No. SCSL-04–15-T, Transcript, July 27, 2004, Prosecutor v. Joao Franca da Silva et al., Judicial Sys tem Monitoring Programme, Case Notes, Oct. 22, 2002 .
invasion. Lolotoe Case Notes, Oct. 22, 2002,at6. See also CDF Transcript, Nov. 4, 2004,at 23–24 (witness unable to estimate the age of another).
Prosecutor v. Kajelijeli, Case No. ICTR 98–44A-T, Transcript, Dec. 7, 2001, at43 .
Taylor, Case No. SCSL-2003–01-T, Transcript, May 12, 2008.
Kyra Sanin, U.C. Berkeley War Crimes Studies Center, Special Court Monitoring Program, Update No. 57,Oct.5, 2005,at4.
Prosecutor v. Joni Marques et al., Judicial System Monitoring Programme, Case Notes, Sept. 19, 2001,at213.
RUF Transcript, July 13, 2004,at37. See also RUF Transcript, July 22, 2004,at44 (Witness TF1-331 not able to say in what District or Chiefdom she was born).
CDF Transcript,June16,2004,at25; see also AFRC Transcript,Apr.15,2005.
RUFTranscript, July 27, 2004,at54 (witness knew that Kabbah had been elected at some point but not whether he was in power during the relevant time).
RUF Transcript, July 21, 2004, at 2–3, 11;RUFTranscript,Oct. 21, 2004, at 8, 21–22;RUF Transcript, Jan. 13, 2005,at94–97;RUFTranscript,Mar.17, 2006,at79; CDF Transcript, June 21, 2004,at54–55; Taylor Transcript, Apr. 8, 2008,at6966; Taylor Transcript, Apr. 9, 2008,at 7017, 7052; Taylor Transcript, Apr. 14, 2008,at7388;CDFTranscript,Sept.14, 2004,at160;CDF Transcript, Nov. 8, 2004,at17, 24–25, 44;CDFTranscript,Nov.12, 2004,at4.
رابعاً: المواقع الإلكترونية:
Elements of Crimes, International Criminal Court, the link: (https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/Publications/Elements-of-Crimes.pdf).
Types of Evidence Before the International Criminal Court, ((https://ijop.net/index.php/mlu/article/download/2119/1876/4073 22((. Witnesses - | International Criminal Court, ))https://www.icc-cpi.int/about/witnesses((.
Grave Crimes and Weak Evidence: A Fact-finding Evolution in International Criminal Law, (https://journals.law.harvard.edu/ilj/wp-content/uploads/sites/84/HLI104_crop.pdf).
Choice of Law in International Human Rights Fact- Finding Missions, ((https://www.law.georgetown.edu/legalethicsjournal/wpcontent/uploads/sites/24/2022/08/GT-GJLE210053.pdf 78.)).
ommissions of Inquiry as Bulwarks Against Impunity - Asia Pacific Journal of International Humanitarian Law, https://apjihl.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/04-Bulwarks-Against-Impunity-Sarthak_10.07.2022-1.pdf
How can UN human rights special procedures sharpen ICC fact-finding?, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13642987.2011.537466?src=recsys&journalCode=fjhr20.
From Fact-Finding to Evidence: Harmonizing Multiple Investigations of International Crimes, https://thehagueinstituteforglobaljustice.org/portfolio/from-fact-finding-to-evidence-harmonizing-multiple-investigations-of-international-crimes/ 26. From Isolation to Interoperability: The Interaction of Monitoring the link: (https://hhi.harvard.edu/publications/isolation-interoperability-interaction-monitoring-reporting-).
The International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission and Gaza – How is it Involved?, (https://lieber.westpoint.edu/international-humanitarian-fact-finding-commission-gaza-involved/
خامساً: المواثيق الدولية:
Rome Statute.
Declaration on Fact-Finding by the United Nations in the Field of the Maintenance of International Peace and Security New York, 9 December 1991 , the Link: (https://legal.un.org/).
منشور
إصدار
القسم
الفئات
الرخصة
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2026 مجلة كلية القانون والعلوم السياسية
هذا العمل مرخص بموجب Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
